[{"id":"wikidata-breed-roster-count","value":925,"unit":"breeds","subject":"Dog breeds catalogued on Wikidata (instances of dog breed, Q39367)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Wikidata","title":"instances of dog breed (Q39367), with country of origin, mass, height","url":"https://query.wikidata.org/sparql","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/breeds.json"],"how":"SPARQL query result count, instances of Q39367"},"status":"verified","license":"CC0","caveats":["Wikidata's dog-breed roster is broader than any single kennel club's: it includes extinct, regional, and provisional breeds AKC/FCI do not recognise, so this count is not comparable to a registry count on its own."]},{"id":"akc-recognized-breed-count","value":200,"unit":"breeds","subject":"Dog breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Dog Breeds landing page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-count.json"],"how":"Count sentence on the AKC dog-breeds landing page"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":[]},{"id":"fci-recognized-breed-count","value":344,"unit":"breeds","subject":"Dog breeds recognized by the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI), summed across its 10 official groups","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI)","title":"FCI Nomenclature, breed group listing pages (10 groups)","url":"https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/fci-groups.json"],"how":"Summed unique breed-standard link counts across the 10 FCI group listing pages (fci.be/en/nomenclature/)"},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["Computed by counting links per group page rather than reading a single official total from FCI; may double-count a small number of breeds with provisional or multiple standard numbers."]},{"id":"registry-breed-count-disagreement","value":144,"unit":"breeds","subject":"Gap between the FCI's and AKC's recognized-breed counts","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI)","title":"FCI Nomenclature, breed group listing pages (10 groups)","url":"https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["akc-recognized-breed-count","fci-recognized-breed-count"],"how":"FCI total minus AKC total"},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["The two registries use different recognition criteria and geographic scope (FCI is a federation of ~98 national kennel clubs, AKC is US-only), so the gap reflects registry scope as much as any real difference in how many breeds exist."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-longest-lived-breed","value":15.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Longest-lived UK breed: Lancashire Heeler, median survival age","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival, per breed","n":351},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-shortest-lived-breed","value":5.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Shortest-lived UK breed: Caucasian Shepherd Dog, median survival age","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival, per breed","n":74},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-affenpinscher","value":9.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Affenpinscher: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":542},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.7 (95% CI 1.48-1.94, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-afghan-hound","value":11.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Afghan Hound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":618},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.35 (95% CI 1.19-1.53, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-airedale-terrier","value":12.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Airedale Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1826},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.04 (95% CI 0.96-1.13, p=0.31)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-akita","value":11.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Akita: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":6186},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.29 (95% CI 1.24-1.34, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-alaskan-malamute","value":11.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Alaskan Malamute: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2822},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.35 (95% CI 1.26-1.44, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-american-cocker-spaniel","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"American Cocker Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":950},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.84, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-american-eskimo-dog","value":11.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"American Eskimo Dog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":58},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.42 (95% CI 0.94-2.16, p=0.10)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-american-staffordshire-terrier","value":12.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"American Staffordshire Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":236},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.09 (95% CI 0.89-1.33, p=0.40)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-anatolian-shepherd","value":10.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Anatolian Shepherd: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":110},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.53 (95% CI 1.12-2.08, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-australian-cattle-dog","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Australian Cattle Dog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":167},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.59 (95% CI 0.45-0.78, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-australian-shepherd","value":13.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Australian Shepherd: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":286},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.69 (95% CI 0.54-0.88, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-basenji","value":12.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Basenji: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":122},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.88 (95% CI 0.61-1.25, p=0.47)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-basset-hound","value":12.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Basset Hound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2896},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.9 (95% CI 0.84-0.96, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-beagle","value":12.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Beagle: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":6230},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-1.0, p=0.07)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bearded-collie","value":13.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bearded Collie: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1735},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.64 (95% CI 0.59-0.69, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bedlington-terrier","value":13.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bedlington Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1843},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.67 (95% CI 0.61-0.73, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-belgian-malenois","value":12.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Belgian Malenois: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":943},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.06 (95% CI 0.96-1.18, p=0.25)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-belgian-tervuren","value":13.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Belgian Tervuren: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":263},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.7 (95% CI 0.54-0.92, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bernese-mountain-dog","value":10.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bernese Mountain Dog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1565},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.42 (95% CI 1.3-1.56, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bichon-frise","value":12.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bichon Frise: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":8802},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.92 (95% CI 0.89-0.96, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-black-russian-terrier","value":10.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Black Russian Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":234},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.32 (95% CI 1.05-1.67, p=0.02)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bloodhound","value":9.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bloodhound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":205},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.68 (95% CI 1.33-2.12, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bolognese","value":14.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bolognese: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":214},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.49 (95% CI 0.35-0.7, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-border-collie","value":13.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Border Collie: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":20886},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.85 (95% CI 0.83-0.87, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-border-terrier","value":14.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Border Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":11814},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.53 (95% CI 0.51-0.55, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-borzoi","value":12.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Borzoi: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":185},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.88 (95% CI 0.65-1.19, p=0.40)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-boston-terrier","value":11.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Boston Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2427},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.3 (95% CI 1.18-1.42, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bouvier-des-flandres","value":11.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bouvier des Flandres: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":230},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.07 (95% CI 0.86-1.34, p=0.52)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-boxer","value":11.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Boxer: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":17219},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.18 (95% CI 1.15-1.21, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bracco-italiano","value":13.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bracco Italiano: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":128},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.95 (95% CI 0.63-1.44, p=0.81)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-briard","value":12.6,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Briard: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":277},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.82 (95% CI 0.66-1.03, p=0.09)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-brittany","value":11.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Brittany: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1725},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.49 (95% CI 1.38-1.6, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-brussels-griffon","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Brussels Griffon: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":417},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.82 (95% CI 0.67-0.99, p=0.04)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bull-terrier","value":12.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bull Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":6654},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.04 (95% CI 1.0-1.09, p=0.07)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bulldog","value":9.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bulldog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":15808},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.78 (95% CI 1.73-1.83, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-bullmastiff","value":10.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Bullmastiff: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":3357},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.31 (95% CI 1.24-1.39, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-cairn-terrier","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Cairn Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":3724},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.6 (95% CI 0.57-0.64, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-canaan-dog","value":12.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Canaan Dog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":73},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.07 (95% CI 0.74-1.54, p=0.74)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-cane-corso","value":8.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Cane Corso: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":303},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 2.44 (95% CI 2.01-2.97, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-cardigan-welsh-corgi","value":13.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Cardigan Welsh Corgi: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":272},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.69 (95% CI 0.55-0.88, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-caucasian-shepherd-dog","value":5.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Caucasian Shepherd Dog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":74},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 2.44 (95% CI 1.61-3.71, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-cavalier-king-charles-spaniel","value":11.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":20661},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.07 (95% CI 1.04-1.09, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-chesapeake-bay-retriever","value":11.6,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Chesapeake Bay Retriever: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":168},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.16 (95% CI 0.85-1.56, p=0.35)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-chihuahua","value":11.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Chihuahua: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":14636},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.17 (95% CI 1.13-1.21, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-chinese-crested","value":13.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Chinese Crested: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1322},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.77 (95% CI 0.7-0.85, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-chinese-shar-pei","value":10.6,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Chinese Shar Pei: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":6354},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.46 (95% CI 1.39-1.52, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-chow-chow","value":12.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Chow Chow: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1335},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.05 (95% CI 0.95-1.16, p=0.36)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-clumber-spaniel","value":12.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Clumber Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":385},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.99 (95% CI 0.8-1.23, p=0.94)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-collie","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Collie: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":3275},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.72 (95% CI 0.68-0.76, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-coton-de-tulear","value":14.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Coton de Tulear: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":363},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.63 (95% CI 0.47-0.85, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-curly-coated-retriever","value":12.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Curly Coated Retriever: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":218},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.96 (95% CI 0.75-1.22, p=0.74)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-dachshund","value":13.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Dachshund: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":3231},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.77 (95% CI 0.72-0.83, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-dalmatian","value":13.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Dalmatian: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":4569},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.77 (95% CI 0.73-0.81, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-dandie-dinmont-terrier","value":12.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Dandie Dinmont Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":245},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.86 (95% CI 0.68-1.1, p=0.23)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-doberman-pinscher","value":11.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Doberman Pinscher: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":5154},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.14 (95% CI 1.08-1.2, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-dogue-de-bordeaux","value":11.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Dogue de Bordeaux: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":4631},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.4 (95% CI 1.32-1.48, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-english-cocker-spaniel","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"English Cocker Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":33887},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.75 (95% CI 0.74-0.77, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-english-setter","value":13.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"English Setter: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":834},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.7 (95% CI 0.62-0.8, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-english-springer-spaniel","value":13.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"English Springer Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":24126},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.7 (95% CI 0.68-0.72, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-field-spaniel","value":13.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Field Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":378},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.83 (95% CI 0.7-0.98, p=0.03)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-finnish-lapphund","value":13.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Finnish Lapphund: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":128},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.77 (95% CI 0.51-1.16, p=0.21)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-flat-coated-retriever","value":11.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Flat Coated Retriever: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2932},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.08 (95% CI 1.01-1.16, p=0.03)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-foxhound","value":13.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Foxhound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":102},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.67 (95% CI 0.47-0.95, p=0.02)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-french-bulldog","value":9.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"French Bulldog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":14316},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 2.22 (95% CI 2.13-2.31, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-german-shepherd-dog","value":11.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"German Shepherd Dog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":30681},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.24 (95% CI 1.22-1.27, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-german-shorthaired-pointer","value":13.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"German Shorthaired Pointer: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":4260},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.67 (95% CI 0.63-0.72, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-german-spitz-mittel","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"German Spitz Mittel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":307},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.59 (95% CI 0.49-0.73, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-german-wirehaired-pointer","value":13.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"German Wirehaired Pointer: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":700},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.75 (95% CI 0.64-0.89, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-giant-schnauzer","value":12.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Giant Schnauzer: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":495},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.92 (95% CI 0.77-1.09, p=0.33)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-glen-of-imaal-terrier","value":12.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Glen Of Imaal Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":153},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.06 (95% CI 0.78-1.44, p=0.72)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-golden-retriever","value":13.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Golden Retriever: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":15758},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.76 (95% CI 0.74-0.78, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-gordon-setter","value":12.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Gordon Setter: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":531},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.85 (95% CI 0.72-1.01, p=0.06)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-great-dane","value":10.6,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Great Dane: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2850},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.2 (95% CI 1.13-1.29, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-great-pyrenees","value":10.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Great Pyrenees: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":388},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.5 (95% CI 1.26-1.79, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-greyhound","value":11.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Greyhound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":6989},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.19 (95% CI 1.14-1.23, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-havanese","value":14.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Havanese: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":437},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.94, p=0.02)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-irish-setter","value":12.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Irish Setter: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2034},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.74 (95% CI 0.68-0.8, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-irish-terrier","value":13.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Irish Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":681},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.65 (95% CI 0.55-0.76, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-irish-water-spaniel","value":10.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Irish Water Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":242},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.33 (95% CI 1.05-1.68, p=0.02)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-irish-wolfhound","value":9.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Irish Wolfhound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":719},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.53 (95% CI 1.34-1.75, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-italian-greyhound","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Italian Greyhound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":459},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.71 (95% CI 0.56-0.89, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-jack-russell-terrier","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Jack Russell Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":32663},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.79 (95% CI 0.77-0.8, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-japanese-chin","value":12.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Japanese Chin: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":515},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.88 (95% CI 0.75-1.04, p=0.13)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-japanese-spitz","value":13.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Japanese Spitz: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":453},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.86 (95% CI 0.72-1.03, p=0.10)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-keeshond","value":12.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Keeshond: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":226},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.84 (95% CI 0.65-1.1, p=0.21)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-kelpie","value":12.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Kelpie: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":146},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.97 (95% CI 0.74-1.29, p=0.86)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-kerry-blue-terrier","value":12.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Kerry Blue Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":536},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.93 (95% CI 0.8-1.08, p=0.31)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-labrador-retriever","value":13.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Labrador Retriever: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":59583},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.8 (95% CI 0.78-0.81, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-lakeland-terrier","value":14.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Lakeland Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1669},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.66 (95% CI 0.61-0.71, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-lancashire-heeler","value":15.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Lancashire Heeler: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":351},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.49 (95% CI 0.41-0.59, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-large-munsterlander","value":14.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Large Munsterlander: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":165},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.47 (95% CI 0.32-0.69, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-leonberger","value":10.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Leonberger: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":997},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.61 (95% CI 1.44-1.79, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-lhasa-apso","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Lhasa Apso: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":9939},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.62 (95% CI 0.59-0.64, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-lowchen","value":13.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Lowchen: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":193},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.59 (95% CI 0.45-0.78, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-maltese","value":13.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Maltese: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2687},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.93 (95% CI 0.86-1.0, p=0.06)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-mastiff","value":9.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Mastiff: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":3259},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 2.32 (95% CI 2.2-2.44, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-miniature-bull-terrier","value":12.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Miniature Bull Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":362},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.02 (95% CI 0.83-1.25, p=0.86)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-miniature-dachshund","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Miniature Dachshund: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":8997},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.65 (95% CI 0.62-0.69, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-miniature-pinscher","value":13.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Miniature Pinscher: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":827},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.75 (95% CI 0.64-0.87, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-miniature-schnauzer","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Miniature Schnauzer: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":9670},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.7 (95% CI 0.67-0.73, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-neapolitan-mastiff","value":9.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Neapolitan Mastiff: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":577},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.77 (95% CI 1.55-2.03, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-newfoundland","value":11.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Newfoundland: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2162},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.2 (95% CI 1.11-1.3, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-norfolk-terrier","value":13.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Norfolk Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1202},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.71 (95% CI 0.63-0.79, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-norwegian-elkhound","value":12.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Norwegian Elkhound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":209},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.78 (95% CI 0.61-1.0, p=0.05)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-norwich-terrier","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Norwich Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":235},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.56 (95% CI 0.42-0.75, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-nova-scotia-duck-tolling-retriever","value":13.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":333},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.65 (95% CI 0.49-0.87, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-old-english-sheepdog","value":12.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Old English Sheepdog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1814},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.98 (95% CI 0.9-1.06, p=0.61)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-papillon","value":14.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Papillon: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1542},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.57 (95% CI 0.52-0.63, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-parson-russell-terrier","value":13.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Parson Russell Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":3776},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.68 (95% CI 0.64-0.72, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-pekingese","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Pekingese: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1034},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.71 (95% CI 0.64-0.79, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-pembroke-welsh-corgi","value":13.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Pembroke Welsh Corgi: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":864},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.72 (95% CI 0.63-0.82, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-petite-basset-griffon-vendeen","value":13.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Petite Basset Griffon Vendeen: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":644},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.68 (95% CI 0.58-0.79, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-pharaoh-hound","value":10.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Pharaoh Hound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":59},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.87 (95% CI 1.24-2.81, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-polish-lowland-sheepdog","value":13.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Polish Lowland Sheepdog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":107},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.8 (95% CI 0.53-1.19, p=0.27)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-pomeranian","value":12.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Pomeranian: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":4111},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.03 (95% CI 0.97-1.09, p=0.37)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-poodle","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Poodle: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":8826},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.64 (95% CI 0.61-0.67, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-portuguese-water-dog","value":13.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Portuguese Water Dog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":215},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.85 (95% CI 0.61-1.18, p=0.32)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-presa-canario","value":7.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Presa Canario: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":242},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 3.04 (95% CI 2.49-3.71, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-pug","value":11.6,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Pug: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":12808},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.34 (95% CI 1.29-1.4, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-puli","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Puli: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":161},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.73 (95% CI 0.53-1.0, p=0.05)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-rhodesian-ridgeback","value":12.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Rhodesian Ridgeback: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2991},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.0 (95% CI 0.94-1.07, p=0.98)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-rottweiler","value":10.6,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Rottweiler: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":9717},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.27 (95% CI 1.23-1.32, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-saluki","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Saluki: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":597},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.87 (95% CI 0.75-1.01, p=0.08)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-samoyed","value":13.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Samoyed: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1059},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.84, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-schipperke","value":14.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Schipperke: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":104},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.6 (95% CI 0.42-0.87, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-scottish-deerhound","value":10.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Scottish Deerhound: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":617},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.43 (95% CI 1.24-1.65, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-scottish-terrier","value":12.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Scottish Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2616},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.84 (95% CI 0.79-0.9, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-sealyham-terrier","value":13.1,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Sealyham Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":158},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.58 (95% CI 0.41-0.81, p<0.01)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-shetland-sheepdog","value":13.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Shetland Sheepdog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2698},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.69 (95% CI 0.64-0.74, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-shiba-inu","value":14.6,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Shiba Inu: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":514},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.45 (95% CI 0.37-0.55, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-shih-tzu","value":12.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Shih Tzu: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":17901},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.96, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-siberian-husky","value":11.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Siberian Husky: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":6400},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.15 (95% CI 1.1-1.21, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-silky-terrier","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Silky Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":150},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.83 (95% CI 0.62-1.11, p=0.20)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-skye-terrier","value":12.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Skye Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":130},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.93 (95% CI 0.68-1.27, p=0.64)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-soft-coated-wheaten-terrier","value":13.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":793},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.61 (95% CI 0.53-0.71, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-spanish-water-dog","value":13.7,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Spanish Water Dog: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":302},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.51 (95% CI 0.37-0.7, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-spinone-italiano","value":11.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Spinone Italiano: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":908},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.0 (95% CI 0.88-1.15, p=0.97)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-st-bernard","value":9.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"St Bernard: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1638},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.66 (95% CI 1.52-1.81, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-staffordshire-bull-terrier","value":12.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Staffordshire Bull Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":61548},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.13 (95% CI 1.11-1.14, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-standard-schnauzer","value":13.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Standard Schnauzer: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1261},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.9, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-sussex-spaniel","value":13.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Sussex Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":142},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.79 (95% CI 0.56-1.1, p=0.16)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-swedish-valhund","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Swedish Valhund: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":83},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.65 (95% CI 0.43-0.99, p=0.04)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-tibetan-mastiff","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Tibetan Mastiff: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":139},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.95 (95% CI 0.63-1.45, p=0.83)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-tibetan-spaniel","value":15.2,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Tibetan Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":488},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.45 (95% CI 0.38-0.53, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-tibetan-terrier","value":13.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Tibetan Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":2530},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.58 (95% CI 0.54-0.63, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-toy-fox-terrier","value":12.9,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Toy Fox Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":215},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.83 (95% CI 0.63-1.09, p=0.17)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-toy-manchester-terrier","value":13.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Toy Manchester Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":477},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.86 (95% CI 0.73-1.02, p=0.08)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-vizsla","value":13.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Vizsla: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":3468},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.67 (95% CI 0.61-0.73, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-weimaraner","value":12.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Weimaraner: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":4219},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.8 (95% CI 0.75-0.84, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-welsh-springer-spaniel","value":14.0,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Welsh Springer Spaniel: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":734},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.6 (95% CI 0.51-0.7, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-welsh-terrier","value":13.8,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Welsh Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":716},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.54 (95% CI 0.46-0.64, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-west-highland-white-terrier","value":13.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"West Highland White Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":18662},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.73 (95% CI 0.72-0.75, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-whippet","value":13.4,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Whippet: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":6454},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.7 (95% CI 0.66-0.73, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-wire-fox-terrier","value":13.5,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Wire Fox Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":1934},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.73 (95% CI 0.67-0.8, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"mcmillan2024-median-survival-yorkshire-terrier","value":13.3,"unit":"years (median survival)","subject":"Yorkshire Terrier: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S3, Kaplan-Meier median survival","n":24088},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 0.79 (95% CI 0.77-0.8, p<0.001)."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-jack-russell-terrier","value":12.72,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Jack Russell Terrier: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":1620},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-yorkshire-terrier","value":12.54,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Yorkshire Terrier: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":1042},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-border-collie","value":12.1,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Border Collie: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":942},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-springer-spaniel","value":11.92,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Springer Spaniel: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":790},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-labrador-retriever","value":11.77,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Labrador Retriever: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":2500},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-staffordshire-bull-terrier","value":11.33,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Staffordshire Bull Terrier: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":2364},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-cocker-spaniel","value":11.31,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Cocker Spaniel: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":1073},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-shih-tzu","value":11.05,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Shih-tzu: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":638},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-cavalier-king-charles-spaniel","value":10.45,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":867},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-german-shepherd-dog","value":10.16,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"German Shepherd Dog: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":1110},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-boxer","value":10.04,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Boxer: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":836},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-beagle","value":9.85,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Beagle: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":172},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-husky","value":9.53,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Husky: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":154},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-chihuahua","value":7.91,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Chihuahua: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":458},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-american-bulldog","value":7.79,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"American Bulldog: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":129},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-pug","value":7.65,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"Pug: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":197},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-english-bulldog","value":7.39,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"English Bulldog: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":478},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"teng2022-life-expectancy-french-bulldog","value":4.53,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"French Bulldog: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (2022). Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Scientific Reports 12:6415. Table 3.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10341-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-teng2022.json"],"how":"Table 3, life expectancy at age 0","n":232},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.","Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures."]},{"id":"montoya2023-all-dogs-le-birth-years","value":12.69,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"US dogs overall (Banfield clinical population): life expectancy at birth","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Frontiers (Frontiers in Veterinary Science)","title":"Montoya M, Morrison JA, Arrignon F, Spofford N, Charles H, Hours MA, Biourge V (2023). Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats derived from clinical data. Front Vet Sci 10:1082102.","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1082102/full","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-montoya2023.json"],"how":"Article abstract/results text, Sullivan's-method life table","n":13292929},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["US veterinary clinic population (Banfield Pet Hospital), not a census of all dogs.","Per-breed life expectancy is not published in this paper; only population-level and size-group-level figures are available from it."]},{"id":"montoya2023-mixed-breed-dogs-le-birth-years","value":12.71,"unit":"years (life expectancy at birth)","subject":"US mixed-breed dogs (Banfield clinical population): life expectancy at birth","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Frontiers (Frontiers in Veterinary Science)","title":"Montoya M, Morrison JA, Arrignon F, Spofford N, Charles H, Hours MA, Biourge V (2023). Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats derived from clinical data. Front Vet Sci 10:1082102.","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1082102/full","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/longevity-montoya2023.json"],"how":"Article abstract/results text, Sullivan's-method life table","n":13292929},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["US veterinary clinic population (Banfield Pet Hospital), not a census of all dogs.","Per-breed life expectancy is not published in this paper; only population-level and size-group-level figures are available from it."]},{"id":"pegram2021-top-euthanasia-cause-1","value":14.3,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"#1 recorded reason for euthanasia in UK dogs: Other","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only.","'Grouped-level disorder' is the study's own cause-of-death categorisation (a mix of diagnosis and clinical sign), not independently re-binned here."]},{"id":"pegram2021-top-euthanasia-cause-2","value":11.6,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"#2 recorded reason for euthanasia in UK dogs: Neoplasia","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only.","'Grouped-level disorder' is the study's own cause-of-death categorisation (a mix of diagnosis and clinical sign), not independently re-binned here."]},{"id":"pegram2021-top-euthanasia-cause-3","value":11.1,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"#3 recorded reason for euthanasia in UK dogs: Collapsed","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only.","'Grouped-level disorder' is the study's own cause-of-death categorisation (a mix of diagnosis and clinical sign), not independently re-binned here."]},{"id":"pegram2021-top-euthanasia-cause-4","value":8.0,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"#4 recorded reason for euthanasia in UK dogs: Mass","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only.","'Grouped-level disorder' is the study's own cause-of-death categorisation (a mix of diagnosis and clinical sign), not independently re-binned here."]},{"id":"pegram2021-top-euthanasia-cause-5","value":7.3,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"#5 recorded reason for euthanasia in UK dogs: Behaviour disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only.","'Grouped-level disorder' is the study's own cause-of-death categorisation (a mix of diagnosis and clinical sign), not independently re-binned here."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-neoplasia","value":11.6,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Neoplasia","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-collapsed","value":11.1,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Collapsed","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-mass","value":8.0,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Mass","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-behaviour-disorder","value":7.3,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Behaviour disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-brain-disorder","value":7.1,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Brain disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-musculoskeletal-disorder","value":5.9,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Musculoskeletal disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-poor-quality-of-life","value":5.7,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Poor quality of life","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-heart-disease","value":4.6,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Heart disease","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-enteropathy","value":3.7,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Enteropathy","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-lower-respiratory-tract-disorder","value":3.7,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Lower respiratory tract disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-spinal-cord-disorder","value":3.5,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Spinal cord disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-kidney-disease","value":3.4,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Kidney disease","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-inappetence","value":2.3,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Inappetence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-endocrine-system-disorder","value":1.9,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Endocrine system disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-lethargy","value":1.6,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Lethargy","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-haematopoietic-disorder","value":1.5,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Haematopoietic disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-upper-respiratory-tract-disorder","value":1.3,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Upper respiratory tract disorder","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-traumatic-injury","value":1.1,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Traumatic injury","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-foreign-body","value":0.3,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Foreign body","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-complication-associated-with-clinical-care","value":0.2,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Complication associated with clinical care","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"pegram2021-cause-other","value":14.3,"unit":"percent of euthanasia cases","subject":"UK dog euthanasia attributed to Other","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Pegram C, Gray C, Packer RMA, Richards Y, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG (2021). Proportion and risk factors for death by euthanasia in dogs in the UK. Scientific Reports 11:9145. Table 1, 'Grouped-level disorder' rows.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88342-0","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mortality-pegram2021.json"],"how":"Table 1, Grouped-level disorder, euthanasia column","n":26676},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), 2016 only; not broken out per breed in the published paper."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-highest-breed","value":129.965,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Highest NYC bite rate among mapped breeds: Pit Bull type (Am. Pit Bull Terrier / mixes, as self-reported), all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":33786},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported by the bite-report filer and by the owner at licensing, not verified.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned for every breed; read it as a ranking, not a probability.","Relative to the rate across all 34 mapped breeds combined (24 per 1,000 licences), this breed is 5.39x.","Breeds whose owners licence less often (or more often) than average will have their rate inflated (or deflated) by that difference; the data cannot separate biting from licensing behaviour.","Only 34 breeds have a defensible name join between the two datasets; this covers 44% of all recorded bites and 48% of all license rows.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports -- the single largest bite category, larger than any named breed.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population, so this is a rate per active license, not per dog alive in the city."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-lowest-breed","value":0.0,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Lowest NYC bite rate among mapped breeds: Border Collie, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":2734},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported by the bite-report filer and by the owner at licensing, not verified.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned for every breed; read it as a ranking, not a probability.","Relative to the rate across all 34 mapped breeds combined (24 per 1,000 licences), this breed is 0.0x.","Breeds whose owners licence less often (or more often) than average will have their rate inflated (or deflated) by that difference; the data cannot separate biting from licensing behaviour.","Only 34 breeds have a defensible name join between the two datasets; this covers 44% of all recorded bites and 48% of all license rows.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports -- the single largest bite category, larger than any named breed.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population, so this is a rate per active license, not per dog alive in the city."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-pit-bull-type","value":129.965,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Pit Bull type (Am. Pit Bull Terrier / mixes, as self-reported): NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":33786},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 5.39x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-rottweiler","value":107.191,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Rottweiler: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":2976},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 4.45x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-english-bulldog","value":76.169,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Bulldog (English, as self-reported): NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":1326},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 3.16x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-akita","value":67.949,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Akita: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":780},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 2.82x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-german-shepherd-dog","value":51.838,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"German Shepherd Dog: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":11401},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 2.15x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-cane-corso","value":44.959,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Cane Corso: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":1468},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 1.87x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-siberian-husky","value":39.35,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Siberian Husky: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":8437},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 1.63x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-doberman-pinscher","value":37.805,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Doberman Pinscher: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":1640},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 1.57x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-great-dane","value":36.889,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Great Dane: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":1003},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 1.53x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-american-bully","value":31.297,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"American Bully: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":2652},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 1.3x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-american-staffordshire-terrier","value":17.342,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"American Staffordshire Terrier: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":4786},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.72x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-cocker-spaniel","value":17.177,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Cocker Spaniel: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":7277},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.71x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-chihuahua","value":16.433,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Chihuahua: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":31339},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.68x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-poodle-standard","value":16.024,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Poodle (standard, as self-reported): NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":10796},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.66x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-boxer","value":15.318,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Boxer: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":4831},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.64x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-jack-russell-terrier","value":14.749,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Jack Russell Terrier: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":8814},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.61x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-shih-tzu","value":14.011,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Shih Tzu: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":41111},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.58x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-maltese","value":11.437,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Maltese: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":22909},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.47x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-shiba-inu","value":11.242,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Shiba Inu: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":9785},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.47x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-beagle","value":10.087,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Beagle: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":11202},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.42x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-french-bulldog","value":10.036,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"French Bulldog: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":12654},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.42x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-golden-retriever","value":9.527,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Golden Retriever: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":12491},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.4x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-labrador-retriever","value":9.476,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Labrador Retriever: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":24588},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.39x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-bichon-frise","value":8.971,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Bichon Frise: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":6242},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.37x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-australian-shepherd","value":8.945,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Australian Shepherd: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":7937},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.37x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-yorkshire-terrier","value":8.746,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Yorkshire Terrier: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":44249},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.36x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-pomeranian","value":7.684,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Pomeranian: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":15616},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.32x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-boston-terrier","value":7.54,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Boston Terrier: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":6897},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.31x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-miniature-american-shepherd","value":4.889,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd (Miniature Australian Shepherd): NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":4091},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.2x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-pug","value":4.133,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Pug: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":7016},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.17x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-havanese","value":3.442,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Havanese: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":13653},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.14x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-cavalier-king-charles-spaniel","value":1.157,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":9505},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.05x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-dachshund","value":0.0,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Dachshund: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":6932},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.0x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-rate-border-collie","value":0.0,"unit":"bites per 1,000 licensed dogs","subject":"Border Collie: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-bites.json","data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"bites / licensed dogs * 1000, summed across all extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map","n":2734},"status":"preliminary","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.","Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.","'Unknown'/blank breed accounts for 27% of all NYC bite reports, not attributable to this or any named breed.","The denominator is active licences, and NYC licence compliance is far from universal, so the absolute rate overstates bites per dog owned; read it against other breeds, not as a probability.","Relative to all 34 mapped breeds combined: 0.0x."]},{"id":"nyc-bite-unknown-breed-share","value":26.8,"unit":"percent of all recorded bites","subject":"Share of NYC dog bite reports with an Unknown or blank breed field","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/nyc-bites.json"],"how":"Socrata SoQL aggregation of the DOHMH Dog Bite Data breed field","n":39082},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["This is the largest single 'breed' category in the bite data -- larger than any named breed -- and is not attributable to any breed-specific rate."]},{"id":"us-dog-population","value":87.3,"unit":"million dogs","subject":"Estimated US dog population, 2025","asof":"2025-01-01","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AVMA U.S. Pet Ownership Statistics (2025 survey)","url":"https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/us-pet-ownership-statistics","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AVMA U.S. Pet Ownership Statistics page, 'Total number in the U.S.' row","n":7519},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["Derived from an opt-in online survey (7,519 respondents), weighted to Census household distributions -- a survey estimate, not a census or registry count."]},{"id":"us-dog-owning-households","value":56.3,"unit":"million households","subject":"US households owning at least one dog, 2025","asof":"2025-01-01","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AVMA U.S. Pet Ownership Statistics (2025 survey)","url":"https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/us-pet-ownership-statistics","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AVMA U.S. Pet Ownership Statistics page, 'Total number of U.S. households owning' row","n":7519},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["Derived from an opt-in online survey (7,519 respondents), weighted to Census household distributions."]},{"id":"akc-most-popular-breed-2025","value":1,"unit":"rank","subject":"AKC's most-registered dog breed, 2025: French Bulldog","asof":"2025-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, 2025 ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census -- reflects breeding/purchase trends among AKC-registering owners specifically."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2025","value":2025,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2025: French Bulldog, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Dachshund","asof":"2025-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2024","value":2024,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2024: French Bulldog, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Poodle","asof":"2024-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2023","value":2023,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2023: French Bulldog, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Poodle","asof":"2023-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2022","value":2022,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2022: French Bulldog, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Poodle","asof":"2022-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2021","value":2021,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2021: Labrador Retriever, French Bulldog, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Poodle","asof":"2021-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2020","value":2020,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2020: Labrador Retriever, French Bulldog, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Bulldog","asof":"2020-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2019","value":2019,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2019: Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, French Bulldog, Bulldog","asof":"2019-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2018","value":2018,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2018: Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, French Bulldog, Bulldog","asof":"2018-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2017","value":2017,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2017: Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, French Bulldog, Bulldog","asof":"2017-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2016","value":2016,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2016: Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Bulldog, Beagle","asof":"2016-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2015","value":2015,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2015: Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Bulldog, Beagle","asof":"2015-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2014","value":2014,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2014: Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Bulldog, Beagle","asof":"2014-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-top5-2013","value":2013,"unit":"year","subject":"AKC top-5 most-registered breeds, 2013: Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Beagle, Bulldog","asof":"2013-12-31","source":{"publisher":"AVMA (avma.org) and American Kennel Club (akc.org)","title":"AKC Most Popular Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/most-popular-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/population.json"],"how":"AKC most-popular-breeds page, per-year ranking"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking, not a population census."]},{"id":"size-class-affenpinscher","value":1,"unit":"size class (1=Small, 2=Medium, 3=Large)","subject":"Affenpinscher: body size class -- Small","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S5.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/breed-attributes-mcmillan2024.json"],"how":"Supplementary Table S5, Body Size column"},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Body size and cephalic index classification per Supplementary Table S5; for breeds absent from the study's primary source lists, assigned by majority agreement among Dogs Trust canine-behaviour experts rather than measured directly on dogs."]},{"id":"cephalic-type-affenpinscher","value":1,"unit":"cephalic type (1=Brachycephalic, 2=Mesocephalic, 3=Dolichocephalic)","subject":"Affenpinscher: head-shape (cephalic index) classification -- Brachycephalic","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. 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Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":47},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-upper-respiratory-tract-urt-disorder","value":2.1,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Upper respiratory tract (URT) disorder prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":47},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-patellar-luxation","value":2.1,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Patellar luxation prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":46},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-ulcerative-keratitis","value":2.1,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Ulcerative keratitis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":46},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-claw-injury","value":2.0,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Claw injury prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":44},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-atopic-dermatitis","value":2.0,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Atopic dermatitis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":44},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-gastroenteritis","value":1.9,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Gastroenteritis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":43},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-ear-discharge","value":1.9,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Ear discharge prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":42},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-alopecia","value":1.8,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Alopecia prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":41},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-demodicosis","value":1.7,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Demodicosis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":37},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-french-bulldog-stenotic-nares","value":1.7,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"French Bulldog: Stenotic nares prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (2018). Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 5:3.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-018-0057-9","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 3, Fine-level disorder prevalence in French Bulldogs, n=2228, VetCompass UK 2013.","n":37},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-top-disorder-pug","value":17.4,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: disorder most strongly associated with the breed by odds ratio (of disorders significantly more common than in non-breed dogs) -- Obesity","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":4308},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.","Ranked by odds ratio vs. non-breed dogs, not by raw prevalence rank within the breed."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-obesity","value":17.4,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Obesity prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":751},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-otitis-externa","value":12.9,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Otitis externa prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":556},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-overgrown-nails","value":11.8,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Overgrown nails prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":507},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-anal-sac-impaction","value":8.8,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Anal sac impaction prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":378},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-periodontal-disease","value":7.3,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Periodontal disease prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":315},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-corneal-ulceration","value":6.8,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Corneal ulceration prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":294},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-brachycephalic-obstructive-airway-syndrome","value":6.6,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":285},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-retained-deciduous-tooth","value":5.5,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Retained deciduous tooth prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":235},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-diarrhoea","value":5.0,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Diarrhoea prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":215},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-umbilical-hernia","value":4.6,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Umbilical hernia prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":200},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-vomiting","value":4.5,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Vomiting prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":194},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-conjunctivitis","value":2.9,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Conjunctivitis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":127},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-stenotic-nares","value":2.7,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Stenotic nares prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":116},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-skin-fold-dermatitis","value":2.3,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Skin fold dermatitis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":101},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-post-operative-wound","value":2.3,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Post-operative wound prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":98},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-patellar-luxation","value":2.2,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Patellar luxation prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":93},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-cryptorchidism","value":2.1,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Cryptorchidism prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":89},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-pyoderma","value":2.0,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Pyoderma prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":87},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-flea-infestation","value":2.0,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Flea infestation prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":85},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-ocular-discharge","value":1.9,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Ocular discharge prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":83},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-aural-discharge","value":1.8,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Aural discharge prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":77},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-demodicosis","value":1.7,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Demodicosis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":72},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-alopecia","value":1.7,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Alopecia prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":75},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-allergic-skin-disorder","value":1.6,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Allergic skin disorder prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":69},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-coughing","value":1.6,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Coughing prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":69},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-pruritus","value":1.6,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Pruritus prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":67},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-lameness","value":1.6,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Lameness prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":68},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-gastroenteritis","value":1.5,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Gastroenteritis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":63},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-pododermatitis","value":1.3,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Pododermatitis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":56},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-atopic-dermatitis","value":1.2,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Atopic dermatitis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":51},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-skin-mass","value":1.2,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Skin mass prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":51},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-kennel-cough","value":1.1,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Kennel cough prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":47},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-wound","value":1.0,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Wound prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":44},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-foreign-body","value":0.9,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Foreign body prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":40},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-claw-injury","value":0.8,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Claw injury prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":36},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-osteoarthritis","value":0.6,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Osteoarthritis prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":28},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-aggression","value":0.6,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Aggression prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":27},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-skin-cyst","value":0.5,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Skin cyst prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":23},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-heart-murmur","value":0.3,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Heart murmur prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":12},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-disorder-pug-lipoma","value":0.1,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"Pug: Lipoma prevalence","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Church D, Brodbelt DC, Zhu Q, Chang YM, Lea E, Volk HA (2022). Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:4.","url":"https://cgejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/vetcompass-breed-disorders.json"],"how":"Table 2, Disorders significantly more common in Pugs than non-Pugs, ranked by odds ratio, n=4308 Pugs vs 21,835 non-Pugs, VetCompass UK 2016.","n":6},"status":"verified","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census."]},{"id":"vetcompass-top-disorder-german-shepherd","value":7.89,"unit":"percent prevalence","subject":"German Shepherd Dog: most common disorder by prevalence -- Otitis externa","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Canine Genetics and Epidemiology / Canine Medicine and Genetics (BMC)","title":"O'Neill DG, Coulson NR, Church DB, Brodbelt DC (2017). Demography and disorders of German Shepherd Dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. 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Science 376(6592):eabk0639.","url":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abk0639","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/behavior-morrill2022.json"],"how":"Article abstract headline statistic","n":18385},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["Owner-survey behavioural data plus genotyping of a subset (2,155 of 18,385 dogs); a citizen-science convenience sample, not a random sample of all dogs.","Registry temperament-blurb claims about specific breeds are not measurements; this figure is the study's own estimate of how much of the variation *between individual dogs* breed accounts for, which is small."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-chihuahua","value":58.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Chihuahua: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":129},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-chihuahua","value":42.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Chihuahua: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":57},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-havanese","value":58.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Havanese: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":85},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-havanese","value":53.7,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Havanese: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":54},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-chinese-crested-dog","value":50.7,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Chinese Crested Dog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":152},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-chinese-crested-dog","value":40.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Chinese Crested Dog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":95},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-miniature-pinscher","value":46.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Miniature Pinscher: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":158},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-miniature-pinscher","value":38.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Miniature Pinscher: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":107},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-spanish-water-dog","value":43.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Spanish Water Dog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":246},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-spanish-water-dog","value":35.4,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Spanish Water Dog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":198},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-welsh-springer-spaniel","value":43.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Welsh Springer Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":65},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-welsh-springer-spaniel","value":63.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Welsh Springer Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":54},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-swedish-vallhund","value":40.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Swedish Vallhund: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":75},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-swedish-vallhund","value":59.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Swedish Vallhund: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":47},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-shetland-sheepdog","value":39.4,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Shetland Sheepdog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":409},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-shetland-sheepdog","value":48.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Shetland Sheepdog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":288},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-kooikerhondje","value":39.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Kooikerhondje: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":56},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-kooikerhondje","value":53.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Kooikerhondje: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":45},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-papillon","value":38.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Papillon: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":57},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-papillon","value":43.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Papillon: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":32},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-coton-de-tulear","value":38.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Coton De Tulear: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":127},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-coton-de-tulear","value":53.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Coton De Tulear: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":83},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-tibetan-spaniel","value":34.7,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Tibetan Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":75},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-tibetan-spaniel","value":44.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Tibetan Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":43},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-miniature-schnauzer","value":34.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Miniature Schnauzer: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":255},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-miniature-schnauzer","value":40.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Miniature Schnauzer: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":195},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-dalmatian","value":32.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Dalmatian: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":122},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-dalmatian","value":33.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Dalmatian: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":91},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-white-swiss-shepherd","value":32.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"White Swiss Shepherd: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":147},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-white-swiss-shepherd","value":35.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"White Swiss Shepherd: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":123},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-west-highland-white-terrier","value":31.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"West Highland White Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":93},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-west-highland-white-terrier","value":35.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"West Highland White Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":64},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-great-dane","value":31.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Great Dane: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":126},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-great-dane","value":31.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Great Dane: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":93},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-tibetan-terrier","value":30.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Tibetan Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":104},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-tibetan-terrier","value":42.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Tibetan Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":69},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-lagotto-romagnolo","value":30.7,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Lagotto Romagnolo: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":244},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-lagotto-romagnolo","value":54.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Lagotto Romagnolo: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":195},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-jack-russell-terrier","value":30.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Jack Russell Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":175},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-jack-russell-terrier","value":57.7,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Jack Russell Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":142},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-bernese-mountain-dog","value":28.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Bernese Mountain Dog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":207},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-bernese-mountain-dog","value":30.7,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Bernese Mountain Dog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":140},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-parson-russell-terrier","value":27.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Parson Russell Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":111},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-parson-russell-terrier","value":55.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Parson Russell Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":87},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-german-shepherd","value":27.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"German Shepherd: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":459},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-german-shepherd","value":23.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"German Shepherd: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":393},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-cavalier-king-charles-spaniel","value":27.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":99},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-cavalier-king-charles-spaniel","value":43.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":65},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-beagle","value":27.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Beagle: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":59},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-beagle","value":38.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Beagle: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":44},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-golden-retriever","value":26.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Golden Retriever: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":175},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-golden-retriever","value":57.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Golden Retriever: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":145},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-irish-wolfhound","value":26.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Irish Wolfhound: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":52},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-irish-wolfhound","value":38.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Irish Wolfhound: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":39},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-cocker-spaniel","value":25.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Cocker Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":176},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-cocker-spaniel","value":32.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Cocker Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":121},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-rough-collie","value":25.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Rough Collie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":247},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-rough-collie","value":43.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Rough Collie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":204},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-australian-terrier","value":25.4,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Australian Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":71},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-australian-terrier","value":41.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Australian Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":55},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-border-collie","value":25.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Border Collie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":262},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-border-collie","value":41.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Border Collie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":219},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-australian-kelpie","value":25.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Australian Kelpie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":68},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-australian-kelpie","value":38.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Australian Kelpie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":60},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-lapponian-herder","value":24.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Lapponian Herder: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":293},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-lapponian-herder","value":36.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Lapponian Herder: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":222},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-cairn-terrier","value":24.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Cairn Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":105},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-cairn-terrier","value":70.4,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Cairn Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":81},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-schipperke","value":23.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Schipperke: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":72},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-schipperke","value":32.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Schipperke: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":62},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-boxer","value":23.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Boxer: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":151},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-boxer","value":26.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Boxer: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":119},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-smooth-collie","value":22.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Smooth Collie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":201},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-smooth-collie","value":39.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Smooth Collie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":164},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-nova-scotia-duck-tolling-retriever","value":22.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":146},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-nova-scotia-duck-tolling-retriever","value":54.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":120},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-whippet","value":21.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Whippet: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":167},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-whippet","value":33.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Whippet: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":111},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-french-bulldog","value":21.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"French Bulldog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":97},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-french-bulldog","value":12.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"French Bulldog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":57},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-hovawart","value":21.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Hovawart: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":116},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-hovawart","value":14.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Hovawart: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":94},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-staffordshire-bull-terrier","value":21.4,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Staffordshire Bull Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":196},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-staffordshire-bull-terrier","value":44.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Staffordshire Bull Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":134},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-border-terrier","value":21.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Border Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":122},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-border-terrier","value":27.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Border Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":88},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-dobermann","value":21.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Dobermann: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":66},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-dobermann","value":28.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Dobermann: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":60},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-finnish-lapphund","value":21.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Finnish Lapphund: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":527},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-finnish-lapphund","value":54.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Finnish Lapphund: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":416},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-australian-shepherd","value":20.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Australian Shepherd: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":176},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-australian-shepherd","value":38.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Australian Shepherd: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":139},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-siberian-husky","value":20.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Siberian Husky: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":110},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-siberian-husky","value":22.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Siberian Husky: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":71},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-bearded-collie","value":19.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Bearded Collie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":51},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-bearded-collie","value":68.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Bearded Collie: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":44},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-soft-coated-wheaten-terrier","value":18.4,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":343},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-soft-coated-wheaten-terrier","value":54.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":275},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-brittany","value":18.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Brittany: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":60},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-brittany","value":47.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Brittany: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":55},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-labrador-retriever","value":17.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Labrador Retriever: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":460},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-labrador-retriever","value":41.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Labrador Retriever: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":376},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-portuguese-water-dog","value":17.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Portuguese Water Dog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":63},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-portuguese-water-dog","value":36.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Portuguese Water Dog: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":47},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-rottweiler","value":15.7,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Rottweiler: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":102},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-rottweiler","value":24.4,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Rottweiler: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":86},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-american-akita","value":14.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"American Akita: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":61},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-american-akita","value":36.7,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"American Akita: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":49},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-boston-terrier","value":14.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Boston Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":77},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-boston-terrier","value":42.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Boston Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":42},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-flat-coated-retriever","value":14.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Flat Coated Retriever: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":71},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-flat-coated-retriever","value":45.3,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Flat Coated Retriever: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":64},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-samoyed","value":14.0,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Samoyed: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":107},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-samoyed","value":57.1,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Samoyed: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":91},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-american-staffordshire-terrier","value":13.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"American Staffordshire Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":138},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-american-staffordshire-terrier","value":22.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"American Staffordshire Terrier: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":111},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-english-springer-spaniel","value":13.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"English Springer Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":74},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-english-springer-spaniel","value":42.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"English Springer Spaniel: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":64},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-giant-schnauzer","value":12.5,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Giant Schnauzer: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":80},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-giant-schnauzer","value":28.6,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Giant Schnauzer: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":70},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"fear-prevalence-bullmastiff","value":11.8,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Bullmastiff: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Fear trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":51},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"noise-sensitivity-prevalence-bullmastiff","value":34.2,"unit":"percent scored 'high' noise sensitivity","subject":"Bullmastiff: share of surveyed dogs scored high on the Noise sensitivity trait (Salonen 2020, Finnish pet dogs)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2), share scored 'high' among non-uncertain scores","n":38},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample of the breed or of all dogs.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs to avoid small-sample noise."]},{"id":"highest-fear-prevalence-breed","value":58.9,"unit":"percent scored 'high' fear","subject":"Highest fearfulness prevalence among surveyed breeds: Chihuahua","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"Springer Nature (Scientific Reports)","title":"Salonen M, Sulkama S, Mikkola S, Puurunen J, Hakanen E, Tiira K, Aramaa S, Lohi H (2020). Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Scientific Reports 10:2962.","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/behavior-salonen2020.json"],"how":"Computed from the study's open individual-dog dataset (MOESM2)","n":129},"status":"preliminary","license":"CC-BY-4.0","caveats":["Self-selected online convenience sample of Finnish pet owners, not a random sample.","Restricted to breeds with at least 50 surveyed dogs."]},{"id":"akc-hypoallergenic-claimed-breed-count","value":18,"unit":"breeds","subject":"Breeds the AKC's own article names as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"Count of <h3> breed headings under the article's recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A claim, not a measurement -- see the measured-allergen figures from Nicholas 2011 for what happens when 'hypoallergenic' claims are tested against actual Can f 1 levels."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-afghan-hound","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Afghan Hound: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-american-hairless-terrier","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"American Hairless Terrier: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-bedlington-terrier","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Bedlington Terrier: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-coton-de-tulear","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Coton de Tulear: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-giant-schnauzer","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Giant Schnauzer: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-irish-water-spaniel","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Irish Water Spaniel: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-kerry-blue-terrier","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Kerry Blue Terrier: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-lagotto-romagnolo","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Lagotto Romagnolo: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-maltese","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Maltese: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-miniature-schnauzer","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Miniature Schnauzer: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-peruvian-inca-orchid","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Peruvian Inca Orchid (Hairless): named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-poodle","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Poodle: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-portuguese-water-dog","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Portuguese Water Dog: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-soft-coated-wheaten-terrier","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"claimed-hypoallergenic-spanish-water-dog","value":1,"unit":"claimed hypoallergenic (1=yes, per this source)","subject":"Spanish Water Dog: named by the AKC as recommended for allergy sufferers","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds","url":"https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-hypoallergenic-claims.json"],"how":"AKC 'Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds' article, recommended-breeds section"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry claim, not an independent allergen measurement."]},{"id":"no-hypoallergenic-breed-evidence","value":4,"unit":"classification schemes tested, 0 showing a significant difference","subject":"Measured evidence against the 'hypoallergenic breed' claim: Nicholas 2011 found no significant Can f 1 allergen-level difference between 'hypoallergenic' and other dogs' homes under any of 4 classification schemes tested (including the AKC's own list)","asof":"2026-09-07","source":{"publisher":"OceanSide Publications (American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy), via PMC","title":"Nicholas CE, Wegienka GR, Havstad SL, Zoratti EM, Ownby DR, Johnson CC (2011). Dog allergen levels in homes with hypoallergenic compared with nonhypoallergenic dogs. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 25(4):252-6.","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680143/","retrieved":"2026-09-07"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/allergy-nicholas2011.json"],"how":"Results text, Table 2/3 summary sentence","n":173},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["94.2% of the 173 one-dog homes studied had detectable Can f 1 regardless of breed classification.","Detroit-area WHEALS cohort; a specific US regional sample, not a national or international one."]},{"id":"akc-breed-group-miniature-american-shepherd","value":1,"unit":"AKC group membership (see subject)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC group -- Herding Group","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, breed group field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":[]},{"id":"akc-year-recognized-miniature-american-shepherd","value":2015,"unit":"year","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: year recognized by the AKC (admitted to the Stud Book June 1, 2015; eligible to compete in the Herding Group July 1, 2015)","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, year_recognized field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":[]},{"id":"akc-life-expectancy-claim-miniature-american-shepherd","value":1,"unit":"AKC-stated life expectancy range (see subject)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC-stated life expectancy -- 12-13 years","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, Life Expectancy attribute"},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A registry-published range, not a measured longevity study result (see docs/plan.md's longevity-source rule) -- no per-breed McMillan 2024 or Montoya 2023 clinical figure exists for this breed to compare it against."]},{"id":"akc-standard-height-miniature-american-shepherd","value":1,"unit":"AKC breed-standard height range (see subject)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC breed-standard height -- 14-18 inches (male), 13-17 inches (female)","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page attribute block, height"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A breed-standard target range for conformation showing, not a measured population distribution."]},{"id":"akc-standard-weight-miniature-american-shepherd","value":1,"unit":"AKC breed-standard weight range (see subject)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC breed-standard weight -- 20-40 pounds","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page attribute block, weight"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A breed-standard target range for conformation showing, not a measured population distribution."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2016","value":36,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2016 -- #36","asof":"2016-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2017","value":35,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2017 -- #35","asof":"2017-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2018","value":34,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2018 -- #34","asof":"2018-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2019","value":29,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2019 -- #29","asof":"2019-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2020","value":31,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2020 -- #31","asof":"2020-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2021","value":30,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2021 -- #30","asof":"2021-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2022","value":31,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2022 -- #31","asof":"2022-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2023","value":29,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2023 -- #29","asof":"2023-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2024","value":24,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2024 -- #24","asof":"2024-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"akc-popularity-rank-miniature-american-shepherd-2025","value":28,"unit":"AKC registration popularity rank (1=most registered)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: AKC registration popularity rank, 2025 -- #28","asof":"2025-12-31","source":{"publisher":"American Kennel Club (AKC)","title":"Miniature American Shepherd breed page","url":"https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/miniature-american-shepherd/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/akc-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"AKC breed page, per-year popularity field"},"status":"verified","license":"facts-only","caveats":["AKC registration ranking among AKC-registered litters that year, not a population census."]},{"id":"ofa-hip-dysplasia-miniature-american-shepherd","value":7.2,"unit":"percent evaluated dysplastic","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: hip evaluations rated dysplastic (mild/moderate/severe combined), OFA cumulative statistics","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)","title":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed -- Miniature American/Miniature Australian Shepherd (OFA's combined breed row)","url":"https://ofa.org/diseases/disease-statistics/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/ofa-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed, hip_dysplasia table","n":7519},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["OFA is a voluntary-submission registry: owners/breeders choose whether to have a dog evaluated and whether to submit the result, so this is not a random sample of the breed and most likely understates true population prevalence.","OFA publishes this breed's evaluations under one combined row, 'MINI AMERICAN/MINI AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD' -- it does not separate the AKC-recognized Miniature American Shepherd from the Miniature Australian Shepherd name."]},{"id":"ofa-elbow-dysplasia-miniature-american-shepherd","value":3.5,"unit":"percent evaluated abnormal","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: elbow evaluations rated abnormal (grade 1-3 combined), OFA cumulative statistics","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)","title":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed -- Miniature American/Miniature Australian Shepherd (OFA's combined breed row)","url":"https://ofa.org/diseases/disease-statistics/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/ofa-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed, elbow_dysplasia table","n":4740},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["OFA is a voluntary-submission registry: owners/breeders choose whether to have a dog evaluated and whether to submit the result, so this is not a random sample of the breed and most likely understates true population prevalence.","OFA publishes this breed's evaluations under one combined row, 'MINI AMERICAN/MINI AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD' -- it does not separate the AKC-recognized Miniature American Shepherd from the Miniature Australian Shepherd name."]},{"id":"ofa-patellar-luxation-miniature-american-shepherd","value":0.8,"unit":"percent evaluated abnormal","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: patellar luxation evaluations rated abnormal, OFA cumulative statistics","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)","title":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed -- Miniature American/Miniature Australian Shepherd (OFA's combined breed row)","url":"https://ofa.org/diseases/disease-statistics/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/ofa-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed, patellar_luxation table","n":3094},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["OFA is a voluntary-submission registry: owners/breeders choose whether to have a dog evaluated and whether to submit the result, so this is not a random sample of the breed and most likely understates true population prevalence.","OFA publishes this breed's evaluations under one combined row, 'MINI AMERICAN/MINI AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD' -- it does not separate the AKC-recognized Miniature American Shepherd from the Miniature Australian Shepherd name."]},{"id":"ofa-cardiac-miniature-american-shepherd","value":0.0,"unit":"percent evaluated abnormal","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: cardiac evaluations rated abnormal, OFA cumulative statistics","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)","title":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed -- Miniature American/Miniature Australian Shepherd (OFA's combined breed row)","url":"https://ofa.org/diseases/disease-statistics/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/ofa-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed, cardiac table","n":483},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["OFA is a voluntary-submission registry: owners/breeders choose whether to have a dog evaluated and whether to submit the result, so this is not a random sample of the breed and most likely understates true population prevalence.","OFA publishes this breed's evaluations under one combined row, 'MINI AMERICAN/MINI AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD' -- it does not separate the AKC-recognized Miniature American Shepherd from the Miniature Australian Shepherd name."]},{"id":"ofa-eye-caer-miniature-american-shepherd","value":0.0,"unit":"percent evaluated abnormal (CAER exam)","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: eye (CAER) evaluations rated abnormal -- covers hereditary cataract and collie eye anomaly screening findings among other eye conditions, not broken out individually by OFA, OFA cumulative statistics","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)","title":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed -- Miniature American/Miniature Australian Shepherd (OFA's combined breed row)","url":"https://ofa.org/diseases/disease-statistics/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/ofa-miniature-american-shepherd.json"],"how":"OFA Disease Statistics by Breed, eye_caer table","n":15209},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["OFA is a voluntary-submission registry: owners/breeders choose whether to have a dog evaluated and whether to submit the result, so this is not a random sample of the breed and most likely understates true population prevalence.","OFA publishes this breed's evaluations under one combined row, 'MINI AMERICAN/MINI AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD' -- it does not separate the AKC-recognized Miniature American Shepherd from the Miniature Australian Shepherd name."]},{"id":"mdr1-carrier-or-affected-miniature-american-shepherd","value":48.2,"unit":"percent carrying at least one mdr1-1delta (ABCB1) allele","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: percent of dogs surveyed carrying at least one copy of the mdr1-1delta (ABCB1 nt230(del4)) multidrug-sensitivity mutation -- heterozygous + homozygous combined (Neff et al. 2004, Table 1, studied as 'Australian Shepherd, Miniature')","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), via PMC","title":"Neff MW, Robertson KR, Wong AK, Safra N, Broman KW, Slatkin M, Mealey KL, Pedersen NC (2004). Breed distribution and history of canine mdr1-1Delta, a pharmacogenetic mutation that marks the emergence of breeds from the collie lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(32):11725-11730.","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC511012/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/mdr1-neff2004.json"],"how":"Table 1 mut/wt (heterozygous) percent + mut/mut (homozygous) percent, summed","n":56},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A 2004 convenience sample of client-owned/breeder dogs (not a random population sample), n=56, the smallest breed sample in this table.","The mutation is incompletely dominant, so both heterozygous and homozygous carriers can show drug sensitivity (e.g. to ivermectin, loperamide) -- this figure is not 'affected' in the sense of a fully penetrant disease.","Studied under the breed's pre-2015 name, 'Australian Shepherd, Miniature' -- mapped here to this breed via its Miniature Australian Shepherd alias, not re-surveyed under the current AKC name.","Gramer et al. 2011 (Vet J), a more recent MDR1 breed-distribution study also naming this breed, is paywalled (Elsevier) and not open access; not fetched or substituted (docs/sources.md)."]},{"id":"mdr1-allele-frequency-miniature-american-shepherd","value":25.9,"unit":"percent mdr1-1delta allele frequency","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: mdr1-1delta (ABCB1) mutant allele frequency (Neff et al. 2004, Table 1, studied as 'Australian Shepherd, Miniature')","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), via PMC","title":"Neff MW, Robertson KR, Wong AK, Safra N, Broman KW, Slatkin M, Mealey KL, Pedersen NC (2004). Breed distribution and history of canine mdr1-1Delta, a pharmacogenetic mutation that marks the emergence of breeds from the collie lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(32):11725-11730.","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC511012/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/mdr1-neff2004.json"],"how":"Table 1, Allele % column","n":56},"status":"preliminary","license":"facts-only","caveats":["A 2004 convenience sample, n=56, studied under the breed's pre-2015 name.","Allele frequency counts each chromosome independently; the carrier/affected percent figure (dogs with >=1 copy) is the more clinically relevant number for an individual dog's risk."]},{"id":"nyc-licensed-count-miniature-american-shepherd-2016","value":104,"unit":"active NYC dog licenses","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: active NYC dog licenses, 2016 extract","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"NYC Dog Licensing Dataset, breed field, joined via the committed breed-name map"},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city (NYC) only, and an active-license snapshot for that extract year, not a national population estimate or a count of dogs actually owned (licence compliance is well below universal).","Breed field is self-reported by the owner at registration, not verified against a registry or genetic test."]},{"id":"nyc-licensed-count-miniature-american-shepherd-2017","value":145,"unit":"active NYC dog licenses","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: active NYC dog licenses, 2017 extract","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"NYC Dog Licensing Dataset, breed field, joined via the committed breed-name map"},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city (NYC) only, and an active-license snapshot for that extract year, not a national population estimate or a count of dogs actually owned (licence compliance is well below universal).","Breed field is self-reported by the owner at registration, not verified against a registry or genetic test."]},{"id":"nyc-licensed-count-miniature-american-shepherd-2018","value":210,"unit":"active NYC dog licenses","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: active NYC dog licenses, 2018 extract","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"NYC Dog Licensing Dataset, breed field, joined via the committed breed-name map"},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city (NYC) only, and an active-license snapshot for that extract year, not a national population estimate or a count of dogs actually owned (licence compliance is well below universal).","Breed field is self-reported by the owner at registration, not verified against a registry or genetic test."]},{"id":"nyc-licensed-count-miniature-american-shepherd-2022","value":1505,"unit":"active NYC dog licenses","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: active NYC dog licenses, 2022 extract","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"NYC Dog Licensing Dataset, breed field, joined via the committed breed-name map"},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city (NYC) only, and an active-license snapshot for that extract year, not a national population estimate or a count of dogs actually owned (licence compliance is well below universal).","Breed field is self-reported by the owner at registration, not verified against a registry or genetic test."]},{"id":"nyc-licensed-count-miniature-american-shepherd-2023","value":814,"unit":"active NYC dog licenses","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: active NYC dog licenses, 2023 extract","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"NYC Dog Licensing Dataset, breed field, joined via the committed breed-name map"},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city (NYC) only, and an active-license snapshot for that extract year, not a national population estimate or a count of dogs actually owned (licence compliance is well below universal).","Breed field is self-reported by the owner at registration, not verified against a registry or genetic test."]},{"id":"nyc-licensed-count-miniature-american-shepherd-2024","value":725,"unit":"active NYC dog licenses","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: active NYC dog licenses, 2024 extract","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"NYC Dog Licensing Dataset, breed field, joined via the committed breed-name map"},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city (NYC) only, and an active-license snapshot for that extract year, not a national population estimate or a count of dogs actually owned (licence compliance is well below universal).","Breed field is self-reported by the owner at registration, not verified against a registry or genetic test."]},{"id":"nyc-licensed-count-miniature-american-shepherd-2026","value":588,"unit":"active NYC dog licenses","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: active NYC dog licenses, 2026 extract","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"verbatim-quote","from":["data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"NYC Dog Licensing Dataset, breed field, joined via the committed breed-name map"},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["One city (NYC) only, and an active-license snapshot for that extract year, not a national population estimate or a count of dogs actually owned (licence compliance is well below universal).","Breed field is self-reported by the owner at registration, not verified against a registry or genetic test."]},{"id":"nyc-licensed-count-miniature-american-shepherd-all-years","value":4091,"unit":"active NYC dog licenses, summed across extract years","subject":"Miniature American Shepherd: active NYC dog licenses, all extract years combined","asof":"2026-09-20","source":{"publisher":"SwampLink (computed from NYC DOHMH open data)","title":"NYC bite rate per 1,000 licensed dogs, by breed and year","url":"https://data.cityofnewyork.us/","retrieved":"2026-09-20"},"method":{"type":"computed","from":["data/nyc-licenses.json","scripts/breed_name_map.py"],"how":"NYC Dog Licensing Dataset, breed field, summed across extract years, joined via the committed breed-name map"},"status":"verified","license":"public-domain","caveats":["Extract-year snapshots summed, not a deduplicated dog count -- the same licensed dog can appear in more than one year's extract.","One city (NYC) only; breed field is self-reported at registration."]}]