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pug

origin: China · 51 figures in the corpus · Q38698

Every figure below carries this breed's name or id in its source study -- grouped by what it measures, not ranked. A breed appearing under a study here does not mean every other breed was tested and came back negative; it means this is what has a named source so far. See each figure's own page for its caveats.

Longevity

11.6 years (median survival) verified

Pug: median survival age, UK veterinary clinic population

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.
  • Hazard ratio vs. the crossbred reference group: 1.34 (95% CI 1.29-1.4, p<0.001).
7.65 years (life expectancy at birth) verified

Pug: life expectancy at birth, UK veterinary clinic population

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a census of all dogs of the breed.
  • Life expectancy at birth (cohort life-table method), a different statistic from a Kaplan-Meier median survival age -- do not compare directly against McMillan 2024's figures.

Size & head shape

1 size class (1=Small, 2=Medium, 3=Large) verified

Pug: body size class -- Small

  • Body size and cephalic index classification per Supplementary Table S5; for breeds absent from the study's primary source lists, assigned by majority agreement among Dogs Trust canine-behaviour experts rather than measured directly on dogs.
1 cephalic type (1=Brachycephalic, 2=Mesocephalic, 3=Dolichocephalic) verified

Pug: head-shape (cephalic index) classification -- Brachycephalic

  • Body size and cephalic index classification per Supplementary Table S5; for breeds absent from the study's primary source lists, assigned by majority agreement among Dogs Trust canine-behaviour experts rather than measured directly on dogs.

Group

1 group membership (see subject) verified

Pug: UK Kennel Club group: Toy; FCI group: Companion and Toy Dogs

  • KC/FCI group columns record nomenclature presence only, per the table's own caption -- the study did not use group as an analysis variable.

OFA (hip & elbow)

72.7 percent evaluated dysplastic preliminary

Pug: hip evaluations rated dysplastic (mild/moderate/severe combined), OFA cumulative statistics

  • OFA is a voluntary-submission registry: owners/breeders choose whether to have a dog evaluated and whether to submit the result, so this is not a random sample of the breed and most likely understates true population prevalence.
35.9 percent evaluated abnormal preliminary

Pug: elbow evaluations rated abnormal (grade 1-3 combined), OFA cumulative statistics

  • OFA is a voluntary-submission registry: owners/breeders choose whether to have a dog evaluated and whether to submit the result, so this is not a random sample of the breed and most likely understates true population prevalence.

Disorders (VetCompass)

17.4 percent prevalence verified

Pug: disorder most strongly associated with the breed by odds ratio (of disorders significantly more common than in non-breed dogs) -- Obesity

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
  • Ranked by odds ratio vs. non-breed dogs, not by raw prevalence rank within the breed.
17.4 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Obesity prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
12.9 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Otitis externa prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
11.8 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Overgrown nails prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
8.8 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Anal sac impaction prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
7.3 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Periodontal disease prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
6.8 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Corneal ulceration prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
6.6 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
5.5 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Retained deciduous tooth prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
5.0 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Diarrhoea prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
4.6 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Umbilical hernia prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
4.5 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Vomiting prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
2.9 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Conjunctivitis prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
2.7 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Stenotic nares prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
2.3 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Skin fold dermatitis prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
2.3 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Post-operative wound prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
2.2 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Patellar luxation prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
2.1 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Cryptorchidism prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
2.0 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Pyoderma prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
2.0 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Flea infestation prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.9 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Ocular discharge prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.8 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Aural discharge prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.7 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Demodicosis prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.7 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Alopecia prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.6 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Allergic skin disorder prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.6 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Coughing prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.6 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Pruritus prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.6 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Lameness prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.5 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Gastroenteritis prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.3 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Pododermatitis prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.2 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Atopic dermatitis prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.2 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Skin mass prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.1 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Kennel cough prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
1.0 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Wound prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
0.9 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Foreign body prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
0.8 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Claw injury prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
0.6 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Osteoarthritis prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
0.6 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Aggression prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
0.5 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Skin cyst prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
0.3 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Heart murmur prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.
0.1 percent prevalence verified

Pug: Lipoma prevalence

  • UK primary-care veterinary clinic population (VetCompass), not a breed census.

Bite rate

4.133 bites per 1,000 licensed dogs preliminary

Pug: NYC bite reports per 1,000 licensed dogs of this breed, all years combined

  • One city only (NYC); breed labels are self-reported, not verified against a registry or genetic test.
  • Licensed-dog counts are active-license snapshots per extract year, not a true owned-dog population.

Other

1 purpose class: toy verified

Pug: purpose class 'toy', from FCI group: Companion and Toy Dogs

  • Registry group membership at time of the source table, not an independent behavioural assessment.
3.7 average litter size (puppies) verified

Pug (brachycephalic): average litter size, Danish Kennel Club registrations Aug 2022-Jul 2023