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2
cephalic type (1=Brachycephalic, 2=Mesocephalic, 3=Dolichocephalic)
verified
Welsh Springer Spaniel: head-shape (cephalic index) classification -- Mesocephalic
as of 2026-09-07 · license: CC-BY-4.0
- Body size and cephalic index classification per Supplementary Table S5; for breeds absent from the study's primary source lists, assigned by majority agreement among Dogs Trust canine-behaviour experts rather than measured directly on dogs.
Source
Springer Nature (Scientific Reports) — McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports 14:531. Supplementary Table S5.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50458-w
retrieved 2026-09-07
Method
Quoted verbatim from the source above.